机械刺激诱导肌肉生长的细胞信号通路

Cell signal pathway of muscle growth induced by mechanical stimulation

学术背景:机械刺激导致肌肉生长的机制一直是运动生理学研究热点问题。近几年,有关机械刺激诱导肌肉生长的细胞信号通路倍受关注,通过掌握机械诱导细胞信号通路及信号分子的作用,进一步探索运动训练诱导肌肉蛋白质合成的生理机制。目的:综合分析机械刺激肌肉肥大信号转导通路。检索策略:在www.pubmed.gov进行检索有关机械刺激及运动导致肌肉肥大信号通路的文献,检索时间限定为"2000-01/2007-10",检索词"mechanical stimuli"、"cell signaling"、"exercise"、"skeletal muscle"、"hypertrophy",文献类别"动物实验和人体实验",限定文章语言种类为"English"。将检索到的文献导入Endnote文献管理器中,对资料进行初审,选择机械刺激信号转导机制与运动的文章,除去不相关研究文献。文献评价:文献来源主要是关于机械刺激诱导肌肉生长细胞信号通路的实验性和综述性论文,在符合纳入标准参考文献的63篇文献中,19篇为综述性论文,54篇为实验性论文。资料综合:机械刺激可以促进肌肉生长或促进肌肉肥大。尽管其产生的生理机制仍在探讨中,但已有3条细胞分子信号通路受到关注,即神经钙蛋白通路、PI3K/Akt通路和磷脂酶D/磷脂酸通路,通过这些通路将机械信号转换为诱导肌肉生长的分子信号。因此,充分掌握机械刺激作用于骨骼肌的机制,对理解运动负荷提高肌肉质量具有积极意义。结论:胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ是诱导骨骼肌肥大的重要因素。在胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ所诱导的通路中,神经钙蛋白信号有调节I型肌肉表型作用,目前对PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路较为关注,研究报告较多,也较为深入,但磷脂酸诱导的雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路也已经受到越来越多的重视。

BACKGROUND： The mechanism of muscle growth induced by mechanical stimulation is a hot research in exercise physiologic studies. Recently, cell signal transduction pathway of muscle growth induced by mechanical stimulation has been paid more attentions. Physiological mechanism of muscle protein synthesis induced by exercises has been investigated by mastering the inductive effects of mechanical stimulation on cell signal pathway and signal molecule. OBJECTIVE： To analyze comprehensively signal transduction pathway of mechanically stimulating muscle hypertrophy. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY： In the www.pubmed.gov, we had retrieved articles related to signal transduction pathway of mechanically stimulating muscle hypertrophy published from January 2000 to October 2007 with the key words of ＂mechanical stimuli, cell signaling, exercise, skeletal muscle, hypertrophy＂. Type of articles was animal experiment and human experiment in English. We introduced retrieved articles to the Endnote reference manager, preliminarily screened the data, selected the articles of signal transduction mechanism of mechanical stimulation or exercise, deleted unconcerned studies. LITERATURE EVALUATION： We selected 63 articles on cell signaling pathway of muscle growth induced by mechanical stimulation, among which 19 articles were reviews and 54 articles were experimental papers. DATA SYNTHESIS： Mechanical stimulation can enhance muscle growth or muscle hypertrophy. Although its physiological mechanism has been researching, 3 cell molecular signal pathway, calcineurin, PI3K/Akt and phospholipase D （PLD）/phosphatidic acid （PA） pathway, have been paid more attention. They can transform mechanical signal to molecular signal of derivative muscle growth. To master the mechanism of mechanical load stimulating skeletal muscle have positive significances for understanding the promotion of muscle quality by sport training. CONCLUSION： Insulin-like growth factor （IGF-I） is a significant factor to induce muscle hypermyotrophy. Calcineurin has effects on the phenotype of type I muscle fiber. At present, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway has been paying close attention. The study have paid more attention to mTOR signaling induced by PA and provided more advanced investigative reports.