TRIPs协议下药品专利权保护现状及思考

The Current Situation and Contemplation on Medical Patent Protection' s under TRIPs

WTO规则体系主要由TRIPs协议、GATT和GATS共同构成,其中以TRIPs协议最为重要,其基本特征是倾向于保护发达国家知识产权持有人的利益,给予智力成果(其中包括药品专利)严格的知识产权保护。根据TRIPs协议,各成员国要履行高标准知识产权保护义务,承诺对产品和产品生产方法给予专利。该协议一方面有效地消除了非专利药品生产商的竞争,而另一方面也使发展中国家广大患者购买不起这些昂贵药品,如治疗癌症、艾滋病、乙肝、SARS的药物,从而导致公共利益严重受损。从2005年至2010年,部分发达国家跨国制药企业的常销药品如氯雷他定、西司他丁、阿伐他泊汀等,将纷纷到达专利权的保护期。作为发展中国家,中国正处于经济、科技高速发展的历史时期,国内制药企业面临国内巨大的消费市场,也面临着跨国制药企业高科技专利产品对国内市场的冲击。如何立足自身,提高药品研发能力,做好药品知识产权保护,同时积极探索TRIPs协议中的弹性条款,挖掘其内在的有利规则,趋利避害,使我国制药企业在国际市场竞争中找到持续发展的空间,是我们需要共同探讨的问题。

This article introduced the patent protection of medicines in China and overseas. TRIPs agreement has made great efforts to protect intellectual property rights. But in recent years, the international community pays more attention to contradiction between intellectual property protection and social public interests. How to make social public interests safeguarded while protecting people＇s ＂ private right＂ of intellectual property right becomes one of the critical issues. In China, we can take some countermeasures to provide more medicines, such as Loratadine Tablets, Cilsatatin and so on. How to make good use of some flexible items in TRIPs agreement and inner favorable rules so that Chinese medicinal companies can enjoy sustainable development in the international competition is an issue that deserves comprehensive analysis.