从《四部医典》中看藏医对疾病病因和发病机制的认识

Discussion of Causes and Symptoms of Disease from the Perspective of Tibetan Medicine

藏医学具有悠久的历史。《四部医典》这部巨著是长期的医疗实践的结晶,具有较完整的理论体系、丰富的临床经验和独特的高原文化特色。文章从现代医学的角度探讨和分析了藏医学对疾病的病因和发病机制的认识,"三要素"学说是藏医学的理论基础;藏医用"外緣"和"三要素"的平衡紊乱阐述疾病的发生发展,认为外界的原因如导致"三要素"失衡就会引起机体的病变。"三要素"的辨证关系,也是机体器官功能的辨证关系。研究藏医学的理论基础,对于继承和发扬藏医学遗产、促进藏医药发展具有重要的意义。

Tibetan medicine has a long history, rGyud-bzhi （The four Medical Tantras） has its own systematic theory, rich practical experience and unique plateau cultural features. This paper, from the respective of modern medicine, discusses the idea of Tibetan medicine on the cause and symptoms of the disease. The three-factor idea is the theoretical basis of ＇Tibetan medicine; the balance and unbalance of the ＂outer factors＂ and ＂three-factor＂ can result in diseases. The dialectical relation of three-factor is also the dialectical relation of different organs＇ function. It will be of great importance for preserving and promoting Tibetan medicines to study the theoretical basis of Tibetan medicine.