从甘博藏《报父母恩重经变》看唐、宋洗儿风俗

On the Washing Infant Custom in Tang and Song Dynasty

"三日洗儿"是我国育儿风俗之一,包含洗浴、赠赏、宴乐等内容,主要是为小儿祈福,保健因素较多,对于体质弱小的婴儿来说,则是一种考验。这一风俗至迟在唐贞观初年就已出现,到开元时已基本定型,此后盛行不衰。甘肃省博物馆藏敦煌所出的《报父母恩重经变》绢画部分再现了唐、宋时期的洗儿情景,为研究唐、宋洗儿及其仪式提供了极为丰富可靠的形象资料。洗儿风俗的盛行有其合理因素,但在其发展过程中,渗入了一些消极、落后因素,比如奢侈、夸富之风等,渐渐背离了洗儿礼的本质,也对当时社会产生了一些不良影响。

＂Washing infant on the third day＂ is one of raising children customs？in China, which includes bathing, presenting gifts and having a feast and so on. The main purpose is to pray for the infant, but it is really a trial for the physically weak baby. The custom appeared in the late Tang Dynasty and came into being in the early years of Zhengguan period. The silk painting in ＂Bao Fu Mu En Zhong Jing＂ from Dunhuang reproduces the bathing infants scene of Tang and Song dynasty, which provides a very rich and reliable image information on the bathing infants ceremony of Tang and Song dynasty. Bathing infants customs has its rational factors, but also contains some negative factors in the course of development, such as luxury, boasting richness and so on, and gradually it has deviated from its initiative purpose and brought some negative impacts.