基于DEM的森林空间分布格局的研究

Analysis on Forest Spatial Distribution Based on DEM

以研究地区1∶5万的地形图和1998年的航空影像资料为基础,结合野外调查,建立了以植被优势成分为主要依据的植被分类系统,在地理信息系统软件Arc View3.2和矢量化软件R2V的支持下,建立研究地区的数字高程模型(DEM)。依据植被类型图与数字高程模型对不同植被类型在空间上的分布与海拔、坡度、坡向等因子之间的关系和规律进行了研究。结果表明:研究区域内各植被类型在研究区内的分布极不平衡,油松林和落叶松林是区内的优势斑块;随海拔的升高,植被类型变化明显,在1 700 m^2 000 m的海拔梯度内以油松、落叶松为主要植被类型,到2 000 m以上则以杨树、桦树为主;该地区的植被类型主要分布在10°~25°的坡度范围内;植被类型与坡向有明显的相关关系,阴坡分布的植被类型明显多于阳坡。

Based on the topographical maps of 1 ： 50 000 of the research area and the aviation photographs of 1998, combining with field investigation. The vegetation classification system focusing on main vegetation was established. Supported geographical information systems software ArcView 3.2 and R2V of vector software, DEM （digital elevation model） of research area was established. By putting map of vegetations and DEM together, the rela- tionships between vegetation distribution and elevation, slope and aspect was analyzed. The result shows ： that different vegetation don＇t grow in an average range, pine and larch are main vegetation in this area; but as the elevation highs up, vegetation changes dramatically.. Chinese pine and larch are main trees in 1 700 m-2 000 m, poplar and betula are main trees over 2 000 m. In this area, the slope of vegetation distribution varied in the range from 10° to 25°. And the vegetation are related closely to the slope, and there are more vegetations in the north slope of mountain than in the south slope of mountain.