从117例HIV初筛结果阳性患者特征谈护士职业防护

HIV screen report of 117 patients and an analysis regarding the risk of nurseoccupational exposure

目的:了解医院护士HIV/AIDS职业暴露的危险性,寻找改进和加强预防HIV感染职业防护依据。方法:采用回顾性调查研究,对2005年1月至2008年5月117例门诊和住院患者HIV初筛报告的基本资料进行整理,分析HIV初筛报告特征及护士HIV/AIDS职业暴露的危险性。结果:①117例HIV初筛阳性患者年龄虽集中在40～59岁年龄段,占总数73.5%,但年龄最小者为6岁、最大者76岁。②HIV初筛阳性几乎在各临床科室均有报告。③117例HIV初筛阳性患者仅13例(11.1%)系患者主动要求检测HIV抗体,极大部分因为明确诊断或鉴别诊断需要而进行HIV抗体检测。结论:HIV/AIDS患者存在于各年龄阶段,临床各科均存在HIV/AIDS感染的职业风险,护士对于HIV/AIDS职业暴露的防护意识绝对不能因不同年龄、有无检测报告、不同科室等而区别对待。

Objective： The study aimed to identify the risk of nurse occupational exposure regarding HIV/AIDS thereby to provide the evidence for improving and strengthening HIV prevention. Method： The data derived from the HIV screen reports of 117 inpatients and outpatients were collected from Jan 2005 to May 2008 through a review. The risk of nurse occupational exposure regarding HIV was analyzed. Results： The major patients with HIV positive （n=117, 73.5%） were at the age of 40- 59 years old, but the youngest was only 6 years old and the oldest was 76 years old. The patients with HIV positive were from almost all departments. Only 13 of 117 patients with HIV positive （11.1%） asked for testing HIV anti-body while others were required to do it. Conclusion： It is suggested that patients at all age stage have a possibility to be infected HIV, which implies that nurses working at each department have a risk of infection.