湖南省2个山区乡莱姆病流行状况初步调查研究

Preliminary epidemiological investigation of lyme disease in Hunan province

目的了解莱姆病在湖南省山区人群中的流行情况,以及主要传播媒介(蜱)及其主要宿主动物(鼠)的带菌情况。方法采用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)进行莱姆病血清流行病学调查,对蜱和鼠脾进行PCR检测。结果从914份人群血清中,检出莱姆病抗体阳性93份,阳性率10.18%,血清抗体几何滴度(GMT)为1(∶39.33±1.56)。石门县、浏阳市GMT地区间、各年龄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。共检测蜱147只,阳性19只,阳性率12.93%。聚合酶链反应检测鼠脾组织102份,阳性率为12.75%;其中黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠、社鼠、小家鼠阳性率分别为13.16%、4.00%、19.35%、50.00%、0、0。结论湖南省山区人群中存在莱姆病的感染,媒介生物(蜱)和宿主动物(黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠)均存在一定比例携带或感染莱姆病病原体,很可能存在莱姆病自然疫源地,有待进一步调查证实。

Objective The study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of lyme disease in mountain areas in Hunan province and to determine the distribution of lyme-carrying ticks and rodent reservoir hosts so as to provide scientific evidence for the surveillance and prevention of this disease in future. Methods A serological investigation for lyme disease was made using IFA, where ticks and rodent spleens were examined using PCR. Results Lyme antibodies were identified in 93 （10.18%） out of 914 human sera samples, the GMT being 39.33±1.56. The GMT were distinguishable between Shimen county and Liuyang city and across different age groups （P〈0.05）, though the difference became insignificant between different genders （P〉0.05）. Among 147 examined ticks, 19 lyme-carrying ones were found （12.93%）, while 12.75% of the 102 PCR spleen samples were from reservoir hosts. Rodents hosts from such species as Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus losea, Rattus flavipectus, Rattus confucianus and Mus musculus accounted for 13.16%, 4.00%, 19.35%, 50.00%, 0, 0, respectively. Conclusion Since lyme infections, lyme-carrying ticks and rodent hosts such as Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus losea, Rattus flavipectus were found in mountain areas in Hunan province, potential epidemic natural loci of lyme disease may have distributed in these areas. Confirmation requires further investigation.