冬小麦穗粒形成的生物学分析及其肥水调控

The Biological Analysis and Fertifizer- Water Controling of the Grain Formation in Winter Wheat

在冬小麦农大183不同器官建成期肥水运筹试验中,追踪观察了同一穗上不同部位小花的分化、退化、成花、结实进程。结果表明,穗粒数与每穗小穗数和总花数之间皆非正相关,主要决定于退化小花的影响;退化小花对栽培条件反应敏感,调控潜力较大。 在幼穗发育过程中确定了一个新的发育期,药隔期施肥灌水可显著减少小花退化,是拔节期肥水措施决策的重要生育标志。 四分体期是小花两极分化的转折,小花集中退化,成花的药隔—四分体持续期间不能少于7天。四分体期施肥灌水可显著提高小花结实率,是孕穗期肥水措施决策的重要生育标志。 高产栽培提高穗粒数的肥水运筹决策,可缓解贪青倒伏的威胁。将习惯上重拔节前肥水的“促花”途径,改为加强药隔—四分体水肥管理,前控后促的“保花”途径,较为稳妥。

The operational experiment on the application of fertilizer-water in the different development stages of the wheat variety 'Nougda No183'was carried out and was made the obzervation on the process of differentiation, degreration, flowering and fruiting of the spikelet on the same ear. The result has shown that The relationship, between the grain number per ear and spikelet number per ear does not show positive relation and it may be affected by the sterile spikelet number, the aterile spikelet seems to be sentive to the cultivating condit on and it has potential possibility of treatment. The application of fertilizer-water in the development stage of the spikelet may decrease its degeneration and increase the fruiting ratio, which is thought to be the growth mark of fertilizer and water application in the joining stage. The quadrant stage is the intersection of the polarization of the spikelet. The length of normal flower, i.e. the quadrant stage should last for 7 days. The application of fertilizer and water in the quadrant stage may increase the fruiting ratio. The way of high yield by means of fertilizer-water may strenghen the lodging resistant character. It seems better to change the traditional way of applying fertilizer before jointing stage into one of controling it before the stage.