五台山不同林分类型水源涵养功能研究

Study of Water Conservation Benefit for Different Type Standing Forest of Wutai Mountain

为了探讨不同林分水源涵养功能,为地域林业发展树种规划提供技术依据,该研究以中亚高山区五台山林区内五种不同类型林分为试材,调查分析了不同林分的枯落物及其持水量,比较了不同林分类型的涵养水源效益。研究结果表明,不同林分地表枯枝落叶层厚度不同,每公顷累积量为20～50t;同时不同林分类型水土保持功能也不一样,混交林持水量最高,达559t/hm2,落叶松林次之,为359t/hm2,最低的是灌木林,为339t/hm2。总体来说,各林分的平均持水量是荒草坡的280倍。林地土壤的涵养水源效益比荒草坡高277.28%～173.67%,其中白桦落叶松混交林最高,落叶松人工林、油松人工林、白桦天然林次之,灌木林最低。因此,在五台山林区适度发展针阔混交林,具有较高的涵养水源效益。

By the analysis of the dead leaves and branches and the holding water contents of five type standing forests--birch and larch mixed forest, larch planted forest, Chinese pine planted forest, birch natural forest and shrub forest in Wutai Mountain area, central Asia alpine region, the water conservation benefit among them was compared. The results showed that the contents of dead leaves and branches of five type standing forests was different, and their total weight varied from20 t/hm^2 to 50t/hm^2. The water holding ability among them was also different： The water yield of mixed forest was high, with the weight of 559t/hm^2; the second one was Larch forest, with the weight of 359t/hm^2; the last one was shrub forest, with the weight of 339t/hm^2. The average content of water of five standing forest was 280 times than that of grass slope. The water conservation benefit of soil for different forests was 277.28%～173.67% higher than that of grass slope, among them, the highest one was birch and larch mixed forest, the followings were larch planted forest, Chinese pine planted forest, birch natural torest, and the lowest one was natural shrub forest. It is suggested that birch and larch mixed forest is a beneficial water conservation type in Wutai Mountain area.