吉林省西部生态安全态势与土地利用的耦合分析

Coupling Analysis on the Ecological Security Status with Landuse in Western Jilin Province

依据人类与生态环境系统的相互作用,建立了压力-反馈-调控的概念模型,并基于GIS和RS,采用栅格运算的方法,运用复合模型对吉林省西部2000年生态环境安全态势进行了研究。结果表明:吉林省西部大部分地区处于安全状况,且东部安全状况好于西部,预警状况及不安全状况的区域集中分布在中部和西部。十个县市中,绝对安全状态比例极小,安全状态区域所占比例最大的县是乾安,最小的是大安。预警状态区域所占比例最大的是洮南,已达到了县域面积的43.08%,最小的是乾安,仅占1.56%。通榆、镇赉和大安处于不安全状态区域的面积已达到了10%以上,是吉林省西部生态环境需要重点治理的区域。吉林省2000年生态安全态势与土地利用的耦合分析表明,以农为主的区域是农牧交错带中相对稳定的区域,以牧为主的区域受到的破坏程度最大,农牧相当的区域属于最脆弱的地区。虽然根据Constanz的生态价值理论,草地的生态价值比较高,但由于研究区草地多属于低覆盖度,当受到外界干扰较大时,系统就表现得极不稳定。

Ecological security can be explained from broad-sense and narrow-sense. Since the wider area and regional discrepancy in influenced factors and eco-background, the regional environment hasn＇t been studied systematily. The paper built the Stress-response-regulation model according to the interaction between human and environment, and analysis the safety degree of west part of Jilin province in 2000 using compound model and Grid method based on GIS and RS. The results show that most part of the study area belong to the security state while the risk and non security area distributed in the middle and west part of the study area, furthermore, the state of east is better than that of west. When talk about ten counties of the region, absolute security account for a very small quantity, and the county that has widest area of security is Qian＇ an while the smallest is Da＇ an. Tao＇nan is the county that the area of risk is biggest, 43.08 percent of whole county area and the that of Qian＇an is smallest, accounting for 1.56 percent only. The area of non security of Tongyu, zhenglai and Da＇an have exceeded 10 percent and been the urgently treatmented region. Coupling between ecological security and type of land use showed that the farm belt is relatively stable while pasturing area has been distroied furthest. Although the value of grass is more than that of farmland by the Constanz＇s theory of ecological value, the cover degree of grass in study is lower and when there is disturbance, whole system lost balance.