煤矿粉尘中多种元素含量的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Multi-elements Contents in Coal Mine Dust

目的对某地2个煤矿的煤尘样品中部分金属与类金属元素进行检测和比较,探讨煤尘中对石英致病性有协同或拮抗作用的元素的含量。为劳动卫生标准制定的依据提出新的思路。方法用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测煤尘样品中的铁、钙、镁、锌、铜、锰、镍和铅的元素含量,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测砷和镉的元素含量。结果检测得到以上元素在2个煤矿尘样中的含量,除钙、镁元素在2个煤矿尘样中的含量差异无统计学意义外,其他元素含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。其中有个别有害元素含量极高,同一元素在同一煤矿不同采样点的尘样含量有显著不同。结论开展煤尘中金属与类金属元素的监测工作是必要而且有意义的。

[ Objective] To determine and compare some metal and metalloid elements in coal dust samples collected from 2 collieries, and explore the levels of the elements that can be cooperative or contradictive to pathogenic mechanism of quartz, and further to put forward new thinking of the constitution for occupational health standards. [ Methods] Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was applied to determine elements levels of ferrum, calcium, magnesium, zincum, cuprum, manganese, nickel and plumbum, and using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to determine levels of arsenic and cadmium. [ Results ] The levels of the above ele- ments were determined in the 2 collieries. Except for calcium and magnesium, the differences of other dements levels between the two collieries were all significant （ P 〈0. 05 or P 〈0. 01 ）. The levels of some individual elements were extremely high, the same element levels in the same colliery were significantly different in different sampling points. [ Conclusion] [ Conclusion] Monitoring of metal and metalloid elements in coal dust is necessary and significant.