机动车驾驶员驾驶适应性指标在铁路机车乘务员中的应用

Application of Driving Adaptation Index of the Automobile Drivers

目的探讨采用机动车驾驶适应性指标在机车乘务员（火车司机）中挑选高速机车乘务员、发现事故倾向性乘务员的可行性，保证铁路运输安全。方法选取昆明铁路局全体机车乘务员，共计2502人（男性）做为研究对象，用驾驶适应性指标检测仪器对研究对象进行速度估计、复杂反应判断误反应次数、夜视力、动视力、深视力5项指标测试。以年龄做为影响因素，用统计软件对这5项指标进行统计分析，根据统计分析结果确定用这5项指标挑选高速机车乘务员、发现事故倾向性乘务员的推荐标准。结果5项指标年龄差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。但是5项指标在4个年龄组数值并不都是不相同。以各年龄分组百分位数制定挑选推荐标准，高速机车乘务员推荐标准为各年龄组速度估计P25～P75，动视力≥P75，夜视力、复杂反应判断、深视力3项指标≤P50；事故倾向性乘务员推荐标准为各年龄组速度估计≥P50或≤P10。动视力≤P25，夜视力、复杂反应判断、深视力3项指标≥P75。结论机动车驾驶员驾驶适应性5项检测指标在铁路机车乘务员人群中存在年龄差异，可以利用这5项指标值在不同年龄组的组合制定推荐标准挑选高速机车乘务员筛选事故倾向性乘务员。

[ Objective ] To explore the feasibility of the application of driving adaptation index in choosing the high-speed locomotive steward and the accident identification tendency steward and guarantee the safety of railroad transportation. [ Methods] 2502 male locomen of Kunming railroad bureau were chosen as the study objects ; driving adaptation index detector was applied to conduct 5 index tests, namely, speed estimation, false reaction judgment, night acuity, dynamic acuity and depth perception ; statistical software was used to analyze the 5 index based on the influential factor of age ; the 5 index was used as the criteria of choosing the high-speed locomotive steward and the accident identification tendency steward. [ Results] The difference was significant in the 5 index between different ages （ P 〈0.01） ; the criteria for the high-speed locomotive steward was set up as below： the estimated speed was P25 P75, dynamic acuity was above P75, night acuity, reaction judgment and depth perception were all below Ps0 ; the recommended standard for the accident identification tendency steward were as below： the estimated speed was above Pg0 or below P10, dynamic acuity was less than P25 ; night acuity, reaction judgment and depth perception were all above P75. [ Conclusion] Age difference was found in the 5 detection index of driving adaptation in choosing high-speed locomotive steward; the 5 index can be used to establish recommended criteria for choosing accident identification tendency steward.