国际上小麦叶锈菌生理小种鉴别寄主及其小种命名方法

Differential hosts and nomenclature of races and virulence of Puccinia triticina in the world

由于地理生态条件、叶锈菌群体结构、研究历史和研究方法等的差异,不同国家和地区采用相应的小麦叶锈菌鉴别寄主和小种命名方法。美洲、中国、欧洲、埃及、南非等国家和地区均采用以Thatcher为遗传背景的分别含有Lr1、Lr2 a、Lr2 c、Lr3、Lr9、Lr16、Lr24、Lr26、Lr3 ka、Lr11、Lr17和Lr30基因的近等基因系或单基因系作为小麦叶锈菌鉴别寄主,但附加的辅助鉴别品种不尽相同;澳大拉西亚和印度的鉴别寄主自成体系。这种格局不利于国家间研究结果的对比和交流。因此,建立一套国际通用鉴别体系实属当务之急。

Diverse differential hosts and the corresponding nomenclature of Puccinia triticina races have been used by different countries in the world because of the diversity of geographic and ecological characteristics, pathogen population structures, and research history. A set of 12 near-isogenic Thatcher lines （or monogenic lines） with Lrl, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11 , Lr17 and Lr30, even including different supplementary lines, were used as the core differential hosts in America, China, Europe, Egypt and South Africa. In contrast, Australasia and India use their own differential hosts other than those mentioned above, which makes the comparison of the results and communication among countries difficult. So an international identification system for the pathogenicity of wheat leaf rust is needed.