肝外胆管癌的外科治疗

Surgical Treatment of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

目的总结肝外胆管癌的诊治经验及存在的问题。方法回顾分析２４２例肝外胆管癌临床资料及部分获临床切除病例的随访资料。结果上段胆管癌１６８例（６９．４％）、中段胆管癌１８例（７．４％）、下段胆管癌５６例（２３．２％）。超声和ＣＴ联合检查术前梗阻部位和病变性质确诊率分别提高到９７．０％和９４．９％。近５年上段、中段和下段胆管癌临床切除率分别提高到５０．０％、５０％和７１．４％。随访显示有肝门区转移者临床切除后１年复发率７３．９％，３年复发率１００％，平均复发时间术后９．６月。未见转移者切除术后１年复发率１３．３％，３年复发率７１．４％，平均复发时间术后１７．５月。复发的主要原因为肝及肝门区转移。主要并发症为肝及多器官功能衰竭、上消化道出血和腹腔感染等。结论胆管癌病例数近年上升趋势明显。超声和ＣＴ联合应用一般能够确定诊断，应尽量避免有创和介入性检查。扩大手术切除范围并尽可能切除肝门区淋巴、神经纤维、脂肪和纤维结缔组织，甚至包括右侧腹腔神经节，有利于减少术后复发。

Objective To evaluate the experience in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas. Methods 242 patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma over the past 20 years was retrospectively studied. Results The origin points were carcinomas of the upper bile duct in 168, of the middle bile duct in 18, and of the lower bile duct in 56 patients. The preoperative diagnostic rates for the location and the nature of the lesion were respectively raised to 97.2% and 94.5% by combination of ultrasonography and CT. The curative resection rates for the tumors in the upper, middle, and lower bile duct over the recent five years reached to 50.0%, 50.0% and 71.4%. respectively. Follow up of patients with curative resection showed a one year recurrent rate of 73.9% and a three year recurrent rate of 100.0% with a mean recurrent time of 9.6 months in patients with local metastasis, in contrast to 13.3%, 71.4% and 17.5 months in those without metastasis. Metastasis was mainly responsible for the recurrence. Liver or multiple organ failure, intra abdominal infection and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were the common and serious complications. Conclusion The case number of the bile duct carcinoma presented a remarkable increment tendency. Ultrasonography and CT were satisfactory enough for diagnosis. To reduce the recurrent rate, resection of the tumor together with the lymph, nervous, fatty and connective tissues in the hepatic hilus, even the right celiac ganglia, should be considered the necessary procedure. Monitoring and protecting the main organs to prevent the multiple organ failure, controlling the gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the intra abdominal infection are important to decreasing the mortality.