比较西方监管影响评估分析标准——以美国、欧盟和经济合作与发展组织为参照

Comparative Study on Analytical Approaches in Impact Assessment of Western Regulation——Based on USA, EU and OECD

监管影响评估分析通过拟定监管政策提案所需的一系列逻辑性程序,在收集比较各方面信息的基础上,分析监管政策可能对经济、社会和环境的影响。实践中,以美国、欧盟和经济合作与发展组织为代表,创造性地提出发展了系统的监管影响评估分析标准,主要包括成本收益分析标准、成本有效性标准和风险分析标准。本文借用经济学基本概念和新制度经济学的分析框架,通过对以上三种分析标准,特别是成本收益分析标准的论述,比较优势和不足,以期对中国政府监管理论和实践发展提供借鉴。

The impact assessment of regulation is to use a series of logical procedures indispensable to the proposal of regulatory policy, based on collecting and comparing various kinds of information, to analyze the impact of regulatory policy on economy, society and environment. In practice, the USA, the EU and the OECD are typical representatives to have created and developed the systemic analytical approaches, which contain Cost-Benefit analysis, Cost-Effectiveness analysis and Risk analysis. This paper uses the traditional economic concepts and the analytical framework of new institutional economy to discuss the three analytical approaches, especially about Cost-Benefit analysis, and compare the advantage and disadvantage, which aims to be used for reference to the development of theory and practice in Chinese government regulatory activities.