先秦孝道与家庭组织之间的关系——“共变法”用于史学研究的尝试

On the Relations Between Filial Piety and Family in Pre-Qin Period——An Attempt of"Co-variation"Method in History Research

通过共变法研究可以看出,先秦时期的家庭组织在功能、类型、社会地位等方面与孝道之间存在稳定的共变关系。孝道的范围和对象随着家庭类型的改变而变化。当家庭结构复杂、功能强大、社会地位较高时,孝道的强度较大;当家庭结构简单、功能弱小、社会地位降低时,孝道的强度会随之减弱。这种共变性表明家庭组织与孝道之间存在紧密的因果关系。

Through research of ＂ Co- variation＂, it can be seen that there are relations of co- variation between function, type, social position of family and Filial Piety in pre - Qin period. The range and object will alter with change of family type. When family function became complicated, and its social position is high, filial piety will be powerful. But as family＇ s function is simple, and its social position is low, filial piety will be weak. The feature of synchronic change indicates intimate relations of causality between family and filial piety.