阿蒂莫耶番荔枝人工授粉的进一步研究

A Further Study on Hand-pollination of Annona atemoya Hort.

以3～4年生阿蒂莫耶番荔枝为试材，研究了授粉方法、花瓣开张程度和花药裂开时间对坐果的影响。结果表明，花药在傍晚自然裂开的花，其花粉在当天上午8时，花瓣呈超过半张开状态时，就已发育成熟，上午或下午人工提取这些花粉来进行授粉能提高坐果率。从花药自然裂开前2d到自然裂开前4h（相当于花瓣呈微张开到超过半张开状态），雌蕊都具有容受性，这期间进行人工授粉能提高坐果率，但以花药自然裂开前1d（相当于花瓣呈半张开状态时），雌蕊容受性最强，人工授粉坐果率最高。上午或下午，从花药要到傍晚才自然裂开的花上人工提取花粉，授在花瓣呈半张开的花上，授粉后2周的坐果率分别为71．1％～76．0％和72．0％-78．4％，显著地高于自然授粉的坐果率（6．7％）。

With 3- 4 - year - old Annona atemoya Hurt. as experimental materials, effects of different pollination ways, degree of petal dehiscence and anther dehiscent time on hand - pollination were studied. The main results were as follows. Although the anthers dehisced totally at night, their pollens had already been matured when the petals were over half - opened at 8：00 am. Therefore, hand - pollination either in the morning or afternoon with this kind of pollens could increase fruit set. The highest fruit set percentage was obtained when hand - pollination was done in one day （ at the stage of half opened petals） before the anthers naturally dehisced. Hand -pollination could increase fruit set from 2 days to 4 hours （at the stage of tiny dehiscent petals to over half- opened petals） before the anthers naturally dehisced. The pistil compatibility was strong and fruit set percentage with hand - pollination was the highest one day before the anthers naturally dehisced （ at the stage of half - opened petals）. The fruit set percentages were 71.1% -76. 0% and 72. 0% -78. 4% respectively with hand - pollination either in the morning or afternoon two weeks after pollination, which were significantly higher than that of natural - pollination （ 6.7% ）.