矿山社区人口与社会变迁的动力分析——以美国“鬼镇”为例

An Analysis of the Dynamics of Population and Social Change in Mine Community——A Case of Ghost Town in U.S.A

19世纪下半期美国西部因矿产资源枯竭而被遗弃的矿山社区,谓之"鬼镇"。本文以社区理论为视角,指出其形成的外动力是流动人口高度聚集加速了矿产资源枯竭,以及非矿产业的缺乏;内动力是社区制度和组织的缺席导致社会失范,冲突频繁和归属感降低。最后从社区整合角度引发我国当前矿山社区发展的思考。

Ghost town was a mine community and abandoned because the exhaustion of mine resources in the west of American in late 19th century. This article, in terms of the community theories, demonstrates the dynamics of its social change. The mass migrants related to mine industry into Ghost town on one hand thrived the social development of the area. However, the exhaustion of mine resources and lack of non-mine industry as well as the mass population＇s acceleration of resources exhaustion bought about the adverse development. Meanwhile there are more important internal dynamics for its final downfall. The absence of community systems and community organizations caused social anomie, social conflicts and low sense of belonging. Based on the community integration theory, the paper puts forward some thoughts on solving the current problems of mine community development in China.