体育人文社会科学研究中“实证”与“理解”范式的对立统一

Unity of opposites of "positive" and "understanding" paradigms in sports humanities and sociology researches

"实证"与"理解"是科学研究的两大范式,这两种范式在当前体育人文社会科学研究中都得到应用。体育界对这两种研究范式的不同看法,造成了它们之间处于对立的状态。一种观点认为只有客观的、实证的和定量的研究才符合科学标准,质疑"理解"范式的科学性和客观性;另一种观点则认为实证范式把人"物化"了,得到的结果是冷冰冰的数据,且忽视事实意义的丰富性。在两种研究范式对峙的过程中,人们对它们各自的优缺点及其适应范围逐渐清楚。体育问题的多样性决定了体育科学研究中这两种范式都不可或缺;体育现象的复杂性又决定了需要整合这两种范式,实现对立的统一。

＂Positive＂ and ＂understanding＂ paradigms are two important paradigms of the scientific research which are applied in the present sports humanities and sociology study. There are different views of the two paradigms which cause antithesis. One view holds that only objective, positive and quantitative researches conform to the standards of science, thus ,questioning whether the ＂understanding＂ paradigm is scientific and objective. The other holds that positive paradigm materializes the people, so that there are only data obtained and there are no meaningful facts. The study of the two paradigms reveals that both of them have advantages and disadvantages. They are both indispensable to the sports scientific researches and need to be integrated.