秋水仙素诱变薄皮甜瓜同源四倍体研究

Autotetraploid induction of oriental melon with colchicine

为了获得四倍体薄皮甜瓜材料,研究薄皮甜瓜多倍体的特征特性,以二倍体薄皮甜瓜金美为材料,以0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的秋水仙素采用滴苗和浸种2种方法进行诱变四倍体试验,并通过染色体观察和细胞学鉴定对其进行倍性分析。结果表明,滴苗法比浸种法诱变率高,其中以0.4%秋水仙素滴苗诱变率最高,为6.67%;与二倍体相比,四倍体植株子叶和真叶长宽比变小,茎增粗,节间变短,花冠变大,果肉变厚,种子增宽,可育性降低,中心可溶性固形物含量增高;保卫细胞变大,气孔密度变小,保卫细胞内叶绿体数目增加;获得了同源四倍体材料。

Three concentration of colchicines, 0.2%,0.4% and 0.6%,were used to treat shoot tips of seedlings and seeds of diploid oriental melon Jinmei for autotetraploid induction. Chromosome numbers of the root tip cells and cytology analysis were used to determine ploidy level. The tetraploid induction rate of shoot tips treatment is higher than seeds treatment with the highest induction rate of 6.67% under the optimized colchicines treatment concentration of 0.4 mg/L colchicines. Compared with diploid of oriental melon, the induced tetraploid plants had smaller leaf index, shorter internodes, stronger stems, bigger corolla and seed index, lower fertility became, lager stoma guard cells, higher soluble solid content, smaller stoma density and more chloroplasts in stoma cell. We successfully obtained autotetraploid of oriental melon using colchicine.