荀悦历史观辨析

On Xun Yue's Historical Concepts

荀悦在探讨历史发展形态时,既取"五德终始"说以明汉得天统,又引"三道"说以证汉应行"忠政",但除此外,还比较明确地表达了历史进化论的观点,鲜明地体现出他历史观中的辩证色彩。荀悦的历史动力观带有浓厚的二元折中主义倾向,一面在宣扬天命观,一面又在说人事可以致功,总体来看,荀悦强调以天命为主,其次为人事。虽谈人,落脚点却在天。荀悦在讲历史发展变化时,还注意到了经济因素对兴衰治乱的重大影响,深刻体会到了物质生产活动的重要性。

When Xun Yue explored the state of historical development, he cited not only the concepts of Fine Powers＇ Beginning and Termination to explain the Han Dynasty＇ s succession of destiny, but also the ideology of ＂Three-Tao＂ to prove that the Han Dynasty should carry out ＂Loyal Politics＂. In addition, he also declared the conceptions of historical evolution which displayed the dialectic tone in his historical concepts. Xun Yue＇ s historical concepts of motivation present strongly dualistic and eclectic tendencies. On the one hand, he announced the conception of destiny; on the other hand, he claimed man＇ s effects. In general, Xun Yue emphasizeed that the Heaven played a chief role in historical developments and man was in the inferior status. He concerned about man, but put more emphasis on Heaven. When he talked about the historical transition, he was aware of the important effects which economic factors imposed on the rise and fall of ages and notices the significance of material productions.