德国社会保障制度的发展及其特点

The Development and Characteristics of German Social Security System

德国社会保障制度的建立和发展呈现出明显的阶段性。19世纪末20世纪初，德国社会保险法的颁布实施奠定了社会保障制度的基础。20世纪20～30年代，德国社会保障制度一方面实行法西斯专制管理，另一方面仍有明显的发展。第二次世界大战后，德国社会保障制度进入快速发展阶段，并曾出现福利国家的趋势。德国社会保障制度的发展与社会经济的发展之间紧密相连、相互适应，其发展道路呈现出明显的统一化，并受到国家干预理论的显著影响，在发展中始终遵循着共同责任的基本原则。

The establishment and development of the social security system of Germany has experienced the following distinctive phases. The promulgation of German Social Insurance Law laid the foundation of the social security system between the late 19th century and the early 20th century. During 1920s-1930s, German social security system was managed by fascist dictatorship, at the same time, it was still in the state of remarkable development. After the Second World War, German social security system developed rapidly, and had a tendency towards welfare state. The development of German social security system is closely related to and correspondent to the development of society and economy. The development of German social security system shows a tendency of reunification, and is impacted by the theory of intervention by the State significantly, and has always followed the basic principle of common responsibility.