限量灌溉对冬小麦农艺性状与水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Limited Irrigation on the Agricultural Traits and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

对冬小麦不同生育时期进行水分控制,研究灌水量、灌水时间对冬小麦农艺性状和水分利用的影响。结果表明,不同生育时期灌水处理的冬小麦农艺性状得到有效改善,其中拔节期灌水能提高冬小麦的穗数和水分利用效率,孕穗期灌水能提高水分利用效率,灌浆期灌水能增加千粒重,拔节期是限量灌溉的最佳生育期。与对照相比,不同灌水时间和灌水量处理分别增产9.49%～29.64%,并以拔节期灌600m3/hm2水和灌浆期灌300m3/hm2的处理增产效果最好;水分利用效率分别提高7.8%～22.7%,并以拔节期灌300m3/hm2+孕穗期灌300m3/hm2的处理水分利用效率最高,为15.7kg/(hm2.mm)。

In this paper,the influence of irrigation quantity and time on the agricultural traits of wheat and water utilization under limited irrigation in different winter wheat growing periods were studied, the results showed that the agricultural traits of winter wheat were improved. The amount of spike and efficiency of water utilization of winter wheat was augmented by irrigation during the jointing stage. The efficiency of water utilization during the jointing and earrings stage was improved. While irrigating during the grain filling stage, the weight of 1000 grains is im- proved,too. The best time of irrigation was the jointing stage. Compared with CK, the yields of different treatments were increased by 9.49%o- 29. 64%o and the best treatment on production was the jointing combination with the grain filling stage irrigated 600 m3 and 300 m3 respectively, and the yield was 7 288.9 kg/hm2 and increases 29.64%. Tthe efficiency of water utilization was improved 7.8% -- 22. 7% respectively. But the best treatment on water use efficiency was the jointing combination with the earrings stage irrigated 300 m3 respectively,the water use efficiency was 15.7kg/（hm2· mm）. The result of this study will be helpful for the wheat production of H uanghuai-velleys.