不同耕作方式对冬种马铃薯生理特性的影响

Effects of different cultivation models on physiological characteristics of winter-planting potato

以冬种马铃薯品种早大白为试验材料,设置传统耕作、少耕覆盖稻草、免耕覆盖稻草等5种不同耕作方式,探讨其对冬种马铃薯植株叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性等的影响。结果表明:在不同时期,所有处理中,以少耕覆盖稻草方式的马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶、蔗糖转化酶和淀粉酶活性以及根系活力相对表现出较高水平,传统耕作方式的相对较低,其余耕作方式之间没有明显差异;传统耕作方式的马铃薯植株易于早衰。因此,在粘壤土上栽培冬马铃薯,最好采用少耕覆盖稻草方式,在沙壤土上则适合采用传统耕作栽培方式,以利于马铃薯植株生理代谢过程的进行,从而提高马铃薯的产量和品质。

In the experiment, winter-planting potato variety Zaodabai was used to compare the effects of five different cultivation models on the chlorophyll content in leaves, root activity, nitrate reductase activity in leaves of potato, etc. Five different cultivation models included conventional cultivation model, micro-tillage with rice straw covering, no-tillage with rice straw covering, no-tillage with rice straw and common plastic film covering, no-tillage with rice straw and black plastic film covering. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll, the activities of nitrate reductase, sucrose invertase and amylase in leaves and root activity for micro-tillage with rice straw covering were relatively higher at different stages, that of conventional cultivation model was lower, and that of other treatments had no obvious difference. Moreover, conventional cultivation model made the plants be prone to premature senescence. Therefore, micro-tillage with rice straw covering model was suggested for winter-planting potato in clay loam soil, and conventional cultivation model for sandy loam soil, which were beneficial to regulate the physiological metabolism process of potato plant, and improved the yield and quality of potato.