苦瓜遗传多样性的形态学性状聚类分析

Genetic diversity of Momordica charantia and its cluster analysis based on morphological traits

对苦瓜的33个种质资源的植株、果实和种子等28类形态学性状进行聚类分析,结果表明:供试资源可划分为3个组群,即野生型组群(组群I)、密瘤小果型组群(组群II)及长大果型组群(组群III);其中组群III又可以进一步分为3个亚组群。各组群间存在明显的地域性差异,野生型及密瘤小果型主要分布于东南亚及印度、孟加拉、斯里兰卡等地区,长大果型则主要分布在中国大陆及泰国。各地域范围内的种质遗传距离较近,而地域间的种质遗传距离较远,特别是中国大陆的苦瓜种质与发源地印度的热带区域和东南亚热带地区的种质资源间有很远的遗传距离,因此,通过从东南亚及印度、孟加拉等区域引进苦瓜种质资源是拓宽我国苦瓜资源遗传背景,在育种工作上获取突破性进展的快捷有效途径。

Cluster analysis based on morphological 28 traits was carried out on 33 Mornordica charantia germplasm accessions. The results indicated that these 33 accessions could be grouped into three major clusters, namely wild type （cluster Ⅰ）, small fruit type （cluster Ⅱ） and large fruit type （cluster Ⅲ） and cluster Ⅱ could be further separated into three subclusters. Diversity differences based on ecological zones were observed among three clusters, wild type and small fruit type M. charantia mostly distributed in the tropical region of Southeast Asia, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanca, whereas large fruit type M. charantia mainly distributed in China's Mainland and Thailand. The genetic distances among the accessions obtained from the same ecological zone are small, while wide genetic distances could be observed among the germplasrn from different ecological zones, especially among the germplasrn from China's Mainland and those from India and Southeast Asia, which indicated that introducing germplasrn from India and Southeast Asia could be an efficient method for broadening the genetic base of M. charantia in China.