不同海拔云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分变化

Variation patterns of Coptis teeta biomass and its major active compounds along an altitude gradient

研究了不同海拔(2100～2700m)下,野生和人工栽培云南黄连的生物量、主要有效成分含量及产量.结果表明:野生云南黄连根茎和根生物量沿海拔梯度呈上升趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);人工栽培云南黄连根茎生物量平均值在海拔2600m和2700m处分别为87.5kg.hm-2和97.0kg.hm-2,显著高于海拔2300m处(34.8kg.hm-2,P<0.05),且海拔2300、2600和2700m的人工栽培云南黄连根茎和根生物量均大于野生云南黄连,但无显著性差异(P>0.05).野生云南黄连的根茎和根生物量均与全株生物量呈显著正相关.野生云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2700m处最高,分别为4.60%和1.93%;根茎巴马汀和药根碱含量、根药根碱含量在海拔2600～2700m处最高;根巴马汀含量在2300m处最高.人工云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2600m处最高,分别为4.41%和1.90%;根茎巴马汀含量,根小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱含量在海拔2600～2700m处最高;根茎药根碱含量在海拔2300m处最高.海拔2600～2700m处野生云南黄连根茎和根中各有效成分产量显著高于海拔2100和2300m处(P<0.05).野生云南黄连分株的根茎生物量、根生物量、叶生物量、总生物量、高度和冠幅沿海拔梯度呈先升后降趋势.增大种植密度和加强人工管理可以提高云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分产量.

An investigation was made on the biomass and major active compounds of wild and cultivated Coptis teeta along an altitude gradient in Nujiang of Yunnan.The results showed that the rhizome and root biomass of wild C.teeta increased from the altitude 2 100 m to 2 700 m,but the difference was not significant.The rhizome biomass of cultivated C.teeta was 87.5 kg·hm^-2 at 2 600 m and 97.0 kg·hm^-2 at 2 700 m,being much higher than 34.8 kg·hm^-2 at 2 300 m（P〈0.05）.At the same altitudes（2 300 m,2 600 m,and 2 700 m）,cultivated C.teeta had higher rhizome and root biomass than wild C.teeta,but the difference was not significant.There was a significant positive correlation between the rhizome and root biomass and the whole plant biomass of wild C.teeta.Wild C.teeta had the highest content of berberine in rhizome（4.60%）and root（1.93%）at 2 700 m,plamatinein in rhizome,and jatrorrhizine in rhizome and root at 2 600-2 700 m,and plamatinein in root at 2 300 m;while cultivated C.teeta had the highest content of berberine in rhizome（4.41%）and root（1.90%）at 2 600 m,plamatinein in rhizome and root,and berberine and jatrorrhizine in root at 2 600-2 700 m,and jatrorrhizine in rhizome at 2 300 m.The content of major active compounds in wild C.teeta rhizome and root were significantly higher at 2 600 m and 2 700 m than at 2 100 m and 2 300 m（P〈0.05）,and the rhizo-me biomass,root biomass,leaf biomass,total biomass,height,and canopy diameter of wild C.teeta ramet increased first and decreased then from the altitude 2 100 m to 2 700 m.Increasing planting density and enhancing artificial management could improve the biomass of C.teeta and its major active compounds concentrations.