白洋淀水生植被初步调查

Preliminary survey on aquatic vegetations in Baiyangdian Lake

通过野外实地调查对白洋淀水生植被的物种组成、群落类型、分布格局及物种生物量进行了初步研究.结果表明:白洋淀湿地共有水生植物39种,隶属于21科32属,其中挺水植物16种,沉水植物14种,浮叶根生植物6种,漂浮植物3种.与20世纪90年代初相比,水生植物共减少了9种,群落类型也由原来的16种变为现在的13种,大面积轮叶黑藻、大茨藻等优势群落消失,物种分布格局也发生了巨大变化.群落生物量较1980年大幅下降.人工养殖、污染物随意排放和水位的变化可能是造成白洋淀湿地退化、水生植被格局发生巨大变化的主要原因.

A field survey was conducted on the species composition,community type,distribution pattern,and biomass of aquatic vegetations in the Baiyangdian Lake of Hebei Province.A total of 39 species were observed,including 16 emergent species,14 submerged species,6 floating-leaved species,and 3 floating species,belonging to 21 families and 32 genera.Compared with those about 15 years ago,9 species were disappeared,community types were decreased from 16 to 13,and some predominant communities with large distribution area,such as Hydrilla verticillata and Najas major,were not found in the present survey.Meanwhile,the distribution pattern of aquatic vegetations was greatly changed.The biomass of aquatic vegetations decreased dramatically,compared to the survey in 1980.Human cultivation,random discharge of pollutants,and tremendous change of water level could be the main reasons for the degradation of aquatic vegetations and the great change of their distribution pattern in the Lake.