以昆虫作为指示生物评估森林健康的生物学与生态学基础

Biological and ecological bases of using insect as a bio-indicator to asses forest health

昆虫是森林生物多样性的重要组成部分,在森林生态系统主体群落中,昆虫与植物密切关联.森林害虫胁迫及昆虫多样性变动,对于评估森林生态系统健康状况具有重要价值.昆虫多样性可用于对森林生态系统健康的快速评估,如基于昆虫指示生物评价森林生态系统的毒害水平、物种丰富度、多样性水平、靶标昆虫的地位和特有种水平等.针对影响森林环境健康的重要干扰因子,本文阐述了应用昆虫作为指示性生物监测与评估森林健康状况的生物与生态学依据,讨论了昆虫种群,特别是珍稀物种种群在生境破碎干扰下的种群波动,以及大气污染、干旱和二氧化碳浓度升高等对昆虫种群密度与分布的影响等.同时,分析了昆虫作为指示性生物监测与评估森林环境健康所存在的问题.

Insect is an important component of forest biodiversity,which is closely related with plant in the main community of forest ecosystem.Intimidation of forest pest and variation of insect diversity is of importance for assessing forest ecosystem health.Insect diversity can be used for rapidly assessing forest ecosystem health.For example,indicator insects have been used to evaluate toxicity levels,abundance of species,levels of biodiversity,target insect status,and endemism levels for forest ecosystem.With a focus on the important interference factors influencing forest environmental health,this paper clarified the biological and ecological basis for insects to be used as a bio-indicator to monitor and assess forest health.We also discussed the fluctuation of insect populations,especially that of the population of the rare species under the influence of habitat fragmentation,and the density and distribution of the insect population under the influence of air pollution,drought,increased CO2 concentration.Mean while,the existing problems to use insects as a bio-indicator to monitor and assess forest environmental health were analyzed.