环境因子对野化培训大熊猫在生境斑块中行为表现的影响

Effects of the Patchy Environmental Factors on the Behavior Exhibitions of Wildness Training Giant Panda in Habitat Patch

采用动物行为观察中的聚焦动物法和生境斑块调查的样方法,调查和分析了2003年7月至2004年9月卧龙自然保护区大熊猫"祥祥"在野化培训圈中的行为表现及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:野化培训大熊猫在生境斑块中的行为表现主要以取食为主,占63.14%,其次是移动行为和休息行为,分别为15.85%和8.91%,爬树行为最少,仅0.23%;且不同月份各种行为类型的分配格局具有相似模式,无显著性差异(P=1.0)。分析食物分布对大熊猫行为表现的影响,其取食、吃馍和称重、休息以及饮水等行为在有无竹子分布的斑块之间差异显著(P<0.05),而其它行为不甚明显(P>0.05)。从生境结构的环境组成因子来看,野化培训大熊猫的行为表现除与斑块个别组成因子具有较为明显的相关关系之外(P<0.05),与其它环境因子均无显著性相关(P>0.05)。据此对产生这种结果的原因进行了探讨,并对今后圈养大熊猫的野化培训提出了建议。

The behavior exhibitions of the wildness training giant panda ＂Xiangxiang＂ and the relationship of the behavior types with the habitat patchy environmental factors were studied from July 2003 to September 2004 in Wolong Nature Reserve. The behavior exhibitions and the habitat patch sites with the focal-animal sampling were determined, and habitat patchy environmental factors were investigated by the plot sampling methods. The behavioral types of the wildness panda were given priority to the foraging behavior, and the percentage was 63.14%. The second was moving and resting behavior and the percentage was 15.85% and 8.91% , respectively.＂ The swarming was the last and 0.23%. The distribution pattern of each behavior type was the similar in different months, and it was not significant difference （ P = 1.0）. The effects of food distribution on the behavior exhibition were analyzed, the foraging, the eating bread and weight, and rest and drinking water behavior in the bamboo zones and other zones were significant differences （ P 〈 0. 05 ） , but other behavior types were not dif- ferent （P 〉 0.05 ）. In the relationship of the behavioral exhibitions and environmental factors, the relationship of the patch behavioral exhibition to the one or two environmental factors of the habitat patches was more significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, but no significant to the other factors （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. So the reasons of the pattern between the patchy environmental factors and the behavioral exhibitions were discussed, and some recommendations to the wildness training giant pandas in future were proposed.