美国油气管道的安全管理体系研究

Investigation on Oil & Gas Pipeline Safety Administration System in USA

美国油气管道安全立法有几十年的历史,管道安全法载入联邦法典。2002年通过了增强管道安全性的法案,2006年又通过了管道检测、保护、强制执行和安全法案。美国运输部的管道安全办公室和国土安全部的运输安全管理局采用系列战略促进管道公司遵守安全标准,增强对油气管道防恐怖袭击的监管与指导。美国还通过建立统一呼叫系统、国家管道地图系统、公众教育机构等促进管道安全。从油气管道安全管理的立法、联邦机构对油气管道的管理模式及其活动以及各州对管道的管理等方面,研究了美国油气管道的安全管理体系,介绍了我国与管道安全有关的法规,指出我国可以从美国对油气管道的安全管理中得到启示,重视油气管道安全的立法,完善油气管道的安全管理体系。

The legislation about oil and gas pipeline safety in USA began several decades ago. Pipeline safety law was incorporated into United States Code. Pipeline Safety Improvement Act and Pipeline Inspection, Protection,Enforcement and Safety Acts were signed into the law in 2002 and 2006 respectively. Office of Pipeline Safety in Department of Transportation and Transportation Security Administration in Department of Homeland Security have applied a variety of strategies to promote compliance with their safety standards and guilt prevention to terrorist attacks. Pipeline safety was also promoted by establishing one-call notice system,national pipeline mapping and public education organizations. In this paper, oil and gas pipeline safety administration system in USA was investigated by addressing the legislation in pipeline safety, administration model and practice of federal departments, and state' s management on pipelines. Laws concerning pipeline safety in China were also listed. It is pointed out that there are inspirations earned from oil and gas pipeline safety administration of USA and other countries,and China should put more attention to the legislation about pipeline safety and making the administration system perfect to assure the safety oil and gas pipelines.