金属零件选区激光熔化快速成型技术的现状及发展趋势

Status and Development of Rapid Prototyping Technology of Metal Parts by Selective Laser Melting

选区激光熔化(SLM)是为了直接获得致密的金属零件而发展起来的一种新型快速成型工艺。该方法利用直径30～50μm的聚焦激光束,把金属或合金粉末逐层选区熔化,堆积成一个冶金结合、组织致密的实体。其外形不需进一步加工,经抛光或简单表面处理就可直接作模具或工具使用。就目前SLM设备、工艺、软件等方面,阐述了该技术的现状、进一步发展及其应用。

SLM is a newly developed technology of rapid prototyping to obtain dense metal parts directly. Using focused laser beam with the diameter of 30-50 um, the metal or alloy powder was melt layer-by-layer by SLM, and a metal body of metallurgical joint and dense microstructure was produced. The products can be used as moulds or tools after polishing or simple surface treatment without other machining. The present status, development and application of SLM technology were expounded in the aspects of SLM equipment, technology and software.