高血压限盐干预效果评价

Effect evaluation of salt restriction intervention to hypertension

目的评价使用限量盐勺和食用低钠盐对高血压患者的降压效果。方法将北京市东城区3个居委会中每周在家就餐天数≥5日、自愿参加干预活动的高血压患者,分为普通加碘盐组(食用普通加碘精制盐)、盐勺组(使用限量盐勺食用普通加碘精制盐)和低钠盐组(食用低钠盐)。分别于干预前和干预后对调查对象进行问卷调查、血压测量及24小时尿钠含量测定,并在干预期间进行食盐消耗量测定2次、血压监测3次,同时进行简单的健康教育。结果干预前24小时尿钠含量各组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。干预后,24小时尿钠含量盐勺组下降25.46mmol,低钠盐组下降31.07mmol,普通加碘盐组的改变无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后普通加碘盐组收缩压下降5.86mmHg,盐勺组收缩压下降4.15mmHg(P<0.05),低钠盐组舒张压下降3.71mmHg(P<0.05)。结论正确使用限量盐勺和食用低钠盐均能达到限制钠盐摄入量、降低血压的目的。

Objective To evaluate the effect of salt restriction intervention to patients with hypertension.Methods The objects from 3 communities in Dongcheng District of Beijing were randomly divided into the control group using normal idione sodiam salt,the first intervention group using the scoop to limit salt and the second intervention group using low sodium salt.Questionnaire survey,24-hour urine sodium excretion and blood pressure measurement were conducted among all objects before and after intervening.The salt consumption and blood pressure were measured 2 times and 3 times respectively and health education for knowledge about hypertension was developed during the intervention.Results There was no statistical difference in 24-hour urine sodium excretion of 3 groups before the intervention（P〉0.05）.The sodium intake of the first and second intervention group were lower by 25.46mmol/day and 31.07mmol/day（P〈0.05）.The reduce of the control group had no significance（P〉0.05）.Systolic blood pressure of the control group and the first intervention group were lower by 5.86mmHg and 4.15mmHg（P〈0.05）.Diastolic blood pressure of the second intervention group was lower by 3.71mmHg（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Both the scoop to limit salt and low sodium salt could decrease sodium intake and depress blood pressure.