论不动产财产权自由的公法限制

Public-law Restrictions on Freedom of Real Property Right

保护不动产财产权自由行使是私法的重要内容与任务。但是,为了避免不动产所有权人绝对行使其权利而妨碍社会进步和公共利益的发展,妨碍他人合法权益的行使,公法对不动产财产权自由给予适度的限制是必要与必须的。公法对不动产财产权行使自由的限制有着深刻的法理基础。国家通过规划法、建筑法、文化古迹与环境保护法、土地管理法、租赁法、税法等对土地使用、房屋建筑、不动产交易、租赁进行管制,以期调和个人利益与公共利益间的冲突与矛盾,实现社会公平与社会和谐的目的。

It has been an important task of private law to protect the freedom of real property right. However, it＇ s also necessary and imperative that the public law set proper restrictions on freedom of real property right in order to avoid the property owers＇ overuse of their rights, which may constitute a threat to social progress, public interest, and other people＇s legitimate rights. Public-law restrictions on freedom of real property right are based on a profound legal foundation. Through implementing urban planning law, construction law, cultural relics and environmental protection law, land administration law, leasing law and taxation law, the state aims to regulate the use of land, houses and buildings and the transfering and leasing of immovable properties in an attempt to conciliate the tension and conflicts between private interest and public interest so as to realize social justice and social harmony.