平衡施肥对芥蓝产量及品质的影响研究

Effect of balanced fertilization on Yield and Quality of Chinese kale

采用"3414"设计和{3,2}单形格子饱和设计试验方案,开展芥蓝平衡施肥田间试验,模拟出芥蓝氮、磷、钾肥料施用量与产量、施肥利润及氮肥分期施用比例的回归数学模型。结果表明:芥蓝最高产量施肥量为N183.1kg·hm-2、P2O542.2kg·hm-2和K2O120.6kg·hm-2,最高产量为27764.3kg·hm-2;芥蓝最高利润施肥量为N 176.6kg·hm-2、P2O541.8kg·hm-2和K2O 110.2kg·hm-2,芥蓝最高施肥利润为31926.9元·hm-2;阶段施氮结构比例为0.391∶0.371∶0.239,期望较高的经济产量可达27191.1kg·hm-2。在相同肥底水平下,维生素C和可溶性总糖与施氮量之间呈一定程度的负相关。而硝酸盐含量与施氮量之间呈一定程度的正相关;可溶性总糖与磷、钾用量之间呈一定程度的正相关;硝酸盐含量与施钾量之间呈一定程度的负相关。在磷肥和钾肥用量相同的情况下,氮肥后期施肥比例越大,芥蓝的维生素C和可溶性总糖含量越低,而硝酸盐含量则越高。

Using the 3414 and {3, 2} single shape check saturated designs, a mathematical model for NPK application on the yield, fertilization benefit and N ratio of split application at different growing stages of Chinese kale （Brassica albograbra Bailey） were studied with field experiments. The results showed that the best NPK application on Chinese kale with maximum crop yield of 27764.3 kg · hm^-2 was N 183. 1kg · hm^-2 , P20542.2 kg · hm^-2 and K20 120.6 kg · hm^-2 The best NPK application with the greatest fertilization benefit of 31926.9 yuan hm^-2 was N 176.6 kg · hm^-2 , P2O341.8 kg · hm^-2 andK2O110.2 kg · hm^-2 And, the ratioofN split application for the basal, former and latter top dressing with desired yield of 27191.1 kg · hm^-2 was 0. 391 ： 0. 371 ： 0. 239. With the same fertilization, a negative correlation between vitamin C and total sugar content in the Chinese kale and N application was found. But, a positive correlation between the nitrate content in the vegetable and the N application existed. A positive correlation between total sugar contert of chinese kale P and K application was found, and a negative correlation between the nitrate content in the vequtable and the P application existed. At the same level of P and K application rate, the greater the N application at the latter dressing, the less vitamin C and total sugar contents, and the higher nitrate content in the vegetable.