启东市16所中学学生饮食及运动行为现况调查

Prevalence survey on the dietary behaviors and physical activities of students in 16 high schools in Qidong

[目的]了解青少年日常饮食习惯、体育运动及休闲娱乐行为的现状。[方法]采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取16所学校(初中、高中和中等职业学校)86个班级共4090名在校学生,采用江苏省青少年健康相关行为问卷进行调查,回收有效调查表4051份,有效率为99.05%。[结果]在前30 d里有32.24%的学生每天喝1次及以上含糖汽水,特别是男生(P<0.05)。前1周内有30.41%的学生每天吃糖果、巧克力等甜食1次或更多次;有56.16%学生每天喝牛奶或相同量的酸奶少于1杯;有24.07%的学生不是每天吃早餐,上述行为女生高于男生(P<0.01)。有1%的学生每天吃1次或更多次西式快餐。有31.23%的学生讨厌吃某类食物。在1周内仅有8.10%的学生能每天坚持进行持续至少1 h的运动或体力活动;7.83%的学生每天玩电子游戏的时间超过2 h,其中男生高于女生。24.34%的学生每天看电视时间超过2 h。46.51%的学生每天课外做功课时间超过2 h,特别是初中女生。有12.71%的学生在前1周课外补习时间超过3 h。[结论]在青少年中需加强合理饮食教育,采取切实可行措施确保他们参加体育锻炼。

[Objective] To collect information of daily dietary behavior and physical activities of Qidong ado-lescents. [Methods] A questionnaire titled “Jiangsu youth related behavior survey” was used among 4 051 students selected from 10 middle schools,5 high schools and 1 middle occupation training school in Qidong. [ Results] Among the surveyed students,32.24% of them had drunk more than 1 sweet beverage pre day for 30 days preceding the survey, male students drank much more than female students （P〈0.05）. About 30.41% of the students had eaten candy, chocolate or other sweet food once or more every day during the 7 days preceding the survey, 56.16 % of them had drunk less than one glassful of milk, 24.07% of them did not take breakfast every day, female students were significantly predominent than male students in these unhealthy dietary behaviors （P〈0.01）. Only 8. 10% of the surveyed students had participated physical activities for more than 1 hour per day, and 7.83% of them played electriCal games for more than 2 hours per day, males predominant. 46.51% of them did their homework for more than 2 hours per day, especially junior middle school students, and female students were significantly predominant. 24.34% of them watched TV for more than 2 hours daily. [ Conclusion ] It is necessary to educate the students to take healthy diet and have more physial activities.