未成年人有机磷中毒原因分析及健康教育

The Causes of Organophosphate Poisoning among Children and the Health Education

分析63例未成年有机磷中毒患者的中毒原因和途径。本组未成年有机磷中毒患者以消化道中毒多见,共40例(占63%),其次是皮肤吸收中毒13例(占21%),呼吸道吸收中毒7例(占11%),其他3例。中毒原因:与儿童有关的包括误服、服毒自杀、在喷药环境中玩耍;与家长有关的包括用后未洗手、未更衣便接触儿童,误用农药作皮肤药或灭蚊剂等。认为有机磷农药管理有待加强,对监护人及年龄偏大患者进行相应的健康教育具有重大意义。健康教育包括:对家长和对未成年患者的预防知识宣教,如家长应正确保管、使用有机磷农药,儿童应认识其毒害性;中毒入院后用药、饮食等方面的知识指导,出院后加强休息和防止再次中毒等知识的指导。

The authors analyze the causes of 63 children cases of organophosphate poisoning, finding 63% of the cases had poisoning in the alimentary canal, 21% （13 cases） from skin, 11% from respiratory tract and 3 from other approaches. The clauses on the children＇s side included taking the wrong medicine, committing suicide by taking poison and playing in an poison-sprayed environment, and those on the parent＇s not washing their hands, touching children without changing clothes, mistaking pesticides for dermics or mosquito-killing pesticide. They argue that control on phosphate pesticide needs to be reinforced and it is important to carry out pertinent health education on their guardians and elder peoples. The health education includes not only the education on preventive knowledge, for example how to keep and use phosphate pesticides and how to make children know the poisons, but also instruction on medication and dieting after admission into hospital due to orgunophosphate poisoning and on prevention from repoisoning after discharge.