青藏铁路沿线鼠疫疫情与监测地理信息系统的应用

Plague epidemic situation and surveillance on geography information system in regions along the Qinghai- Tibet railway

目的通过青藏铁路沿线西藏那曲地区和安多县动物鼠疫监测结果，分析青藏铁路鼠疫疫情与监测地理信息系统在实际工作中应用的科学性和可行性。方法根据2005、2006年青藏铁路建设期间，铁路沿线西藏那曲地区和安多县鼠疫监测结果，应用《青藏铁路鼠疫疫情与监测地理信息系统》，对旱獭密度调查、采血点布局、旱獭洞干调查、洞干染蚤率、蚤指数、疫情发生的地理分布及疫情发生时间集中的疫点内，血清出现鼠疫阳性疫点的最远距离进行分析。结果2005、2006年青藏铁路沿线旱獭调查共13213．24hm^2，见獭782只，旱獭密度为0．059只／hm^2；在铁路沿线那曲地区共设采血点71个，覆盖面积超过了20000km^2；旱獭洞干染蚤率53．8％（7／13），蚤指数为1．23。2005、2006年共接收61个疫点信息。2005年7-11月在西藏安多县共检验动物血清3289份，检出鼠疫阳性血清45份。其中血清出现阳性比较集中的有3d：9月23日，出现5份，疫点最远距离相隔14．58km；10月30日，出现8份，疫点最远距离相隔6．00km；11月4日，出现5份，疫点最远相隔距离在2．00～3．00km。结论在鼠疫监测工作中应用青藏铁路鼠疫疫情与监测地理信息系统，达到了数据采集便捷，数据管理科学，数据分析直观的目的，该系统具有一定的可行性和可操作性。

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using Qinghai-Tibet railway plague epidemic situation and surveillance on geography information in practical work in Naqu District and Anduo County on both sides of Qinghai-Tibet railway. Methods Applying Qinghai-Tibet railway plague epidemic situation and surveillance geography information system marmot density, distribution of blood collection sites, marmot caves, rate with fleas in marmot cave, index of fleas, geography distribution of epidemic situation and the greatest distance with positive serological results in epidemic areas in Naqu Area and Anduo County were investigated during construction of Qinghai-Tibet railway in 2005 and 2006. Results The areas investigated were 13 213.24 hm^2, where 782 marmots were found, so the density of marmots were 0.059 single/hm^2 on both sides of Qinghai-Tibet railway. There were 71 blood collection sites, covering 20 000 km^2. Rate with fleas in marmot cave was 53.8%（7/13） and index of fleas was 1.23. During the period of 2005 and 2006, 61 reports were received on epidemic diseases. Among 3289 serum samples examined, 45 were positive for plague in Anduo County, Tibet, from July to November in 2005. Positive sera were mostly found on 3 days： 5 eases on September 23, with the distances away from the localities of sample collection reaching as far as 14.58 kin; 8 eases on October 30 with a distance of 6.00 km apart; and 5 eases on November 4, with a distances of 2.00 - 3.00 km apart. Conclusions The plague surveillance system is proven to be convenient and manipulable.