园林植物害虫防治探讨

An Approach to the Control of Ornamental Plant Pest

香港科技大学广种观赏植物近300种,记录到植物害虫100余种,天敌17种。本文试从昆虫生态学观点阐明一个区域内控制害虫发生为害的策略性问题。对新开发的大面积农、林用地,先要查明该地区的害虫种类、为害植物和严重程度、发生消长情形,并查明重要天敌的寄主、种类、经济价值。以确定防治的重点对象,采取综合防治措施,达到控制害虫大发生目的。使用药剂是治虫的重要手段,要做到合理用药,首先要对害虫和天敌的发生期与发生量作深入调查分析,以确定防治时机和防治指标,通过选用高效低毒农药,把害虫数量控制在经济损失水平以下。

There are 300 species of landscaping plants in Hong Kong University of Sci- ence and Technology.100 species of pest insects have been recorded,17 species of their predator from nature are found.This report tries to discuss the strategic aspects of control- ling pests within a particular area from the pest ecology point of view.For pest control in the large and newly developed agricultural or reforested area,first of all is to identify the pest species,species of damaged plants and its degree of damages,time of and how is the occur- rence.secondly is to find out hosts of the important natural predator,also its species and eco- nomical value.Furthermore to confirm the main targets that need treatments by integrated pest control measures,thus large scale of pest occurrences can be controlled.Though chemi- cal treatment is an important pest control method,reasonable application of pesticide should be the goal.To achieve this,we need to know the time and quantities of the occurrences of the pest and its predators,then the timing and target of pesticide treatment can be deter- mined.Selection of pesticides with low toxicity and high proficiency are also necessary.In this way,the quantities of the pests may only be controlled at a maximum tolerable level.Howev- er,this situation is good to protect the natural predator,reduce environmental contamination and minimize the chemical immunity by the pests.