双峰驼跗关节解剖

Anatomy of Tarsal Joint in the Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)

解剖成年双峰驼跗关节８个，结果发现双峰驼跗关节在形态结构方面有以下显著特征：１．中央跗骨不与第四跗骨融合；２．距骨近端具嵴状滑车，远端具髁状滑车，近端滑车的嵴和沟向前内侧倾斜，与矢状面间的夹角为１０°，远端滑车的髁和沟朝向正前方，双重滑车结构使跗关节伸屈运动范围加大，并能进行一定程度的侧向运动，这是骆驼驮载重物时能够自由起卧的重要原因之一；３．具有跟踱外侧韧带，而牛马均缺如；４．跗关节外侧短韧带从外侧踝达于跟骨，牛的从外侧踝至距骨，马的则从外侧踝达跟骨和距骨；５．跗背侧韧带位于内侧面，形成内侧侧副韧带之一部分。

Eight tarsal joints in adult bactrian camels were dissected. The results indicated that. 1). The synostosis between the central tarsal bone and the fourth tarsal bone did not occur. 2). The proximal end of the talus had a cristate trochlea, its distal end had acondyloid trochlea. The two crsests of the proximal trochlea set obliquely forward and medially to form an angle of about ten degrees while they cross with digital plane. The condoles and the groove of the distaltrochlea projected forward. The double trochleas on the talus increased motor extent of extension and flexion at the tarsal joint and theyenable the joint to move from side to side in certain degree. 3). There was a lateral calcaneometatarsal ligament in the tarsal joint, it was absente in ox or horse. 4). Ligamentum laterale breve in the tarsal joint of bactrian camel lied from the lateral malleolus to thecalcaneus, and it in ox lied from lateral malleolus to talus, and from lateral malleolus to calcaneus and talus in horse. 5). The dorsal tarsal ligament of bactrian camel was situated on the medial side of the tarsal joint to form the part of the medial collateralligament.