江户时代日本知识分子对儒学的态度

The Attitude of Japanese intellectuals in Edo time to Confucianism

江户时代日本知识分子与古代不同,他们对儒学既虚心学习吸收,又采取理性的态度进行批判与改造。他们并不是全面否定中国儒学,对孔子、孟子学说基本上是持尊崇态度,对宋明理学则大力加以批判,而这种批判,既不限于宋儒,亦非儒学本身,而是儒学中的"臆度之见"和"支离破碎、细末无用之事"。日本知识分子注重实践,趋于实用,也即是他们所说的"益"是否有无,成为判断一种学说的标准和价值取向。他们吸取中国儒学之精华,却除其糟粕,最终使中国儒学日本化。他们自身亦成为中日文化交流的桥梁。

Japanese intellectuals in Edo time were different with ancient intellectuals, he former not only learned and accepted Confucianism with open mind but also criticized and changed it rationally. They didnt deny Chinese Confucianism wholly, they praised highly Confucius and Mencius Theory in generally while criticized Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Seng and Ming Dynasties heavily, the critics didnt limited in Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song or the whole Confucianism itself, but focused on Confucianism assumptions, fragmented and useless part. Japanese intellectuals pay attention to practice and tended toward utility, so called whether or not had benefit which had become a kind of standard and measure of value for criticizing theory. They lead Chinese Confucianism into Japanization through extracted the elite and excepted draft in Chinese Confucianism. Japanese intellectuals themselves had become the exchange bridge between Sino -- Japan＇s culture.