民国时期华北乡村土地占有关系刍论

On the Land-ownership in the Rural North China during the Period of the Republic of China

在民国时期的华北乡村社会,土地占有关系与以前相比较并没有明显的集中化趋势,而是趋于相对分散;乡村土地资源主要拥有者并非地主、富农等乡村上层,而是处于乡村社会中间阶层的中农。这种土地占有关系的出现,与灾荒对乡村上层土地扩张的制约、乡村上层的分家析产、匪乱对富裕者的冲击、传统伦理道德对乡村社会的影响等因素密切相关。

During the Republic of China the land-ownership in rural North China tended to be comparatively scattered rather than obvious concentration. Main owners of lands were not landlords, rich-peasants but the middle peasants who were in the position of middle class in rural society. This phenomenon was closely tied up with the following factors that concerned the living condition of rural upper class： the restriction of land expansion due to famine, the separation of family and property, the impact of banditry disturbance and the influence of traditional ethics.