产业结构、技术创新与经济增长——基于中国制造业和采掘业数据的考察

Industrial Structure,Innovation and Economic Growth——An Examination Based on the Data of Manufacturing and Mining Industries in China

在库兹涅茨—熊彼特传统中,经济增长依赖于新产业的创造(包括重大的技术创新),而这一点常常引起争议。对中国经济增长的部门结构及不同行业的R&D投入数据进行经验研究,可发现增长和创新过程都具有广泛的部门分布。许多重要部门属于通常所谓的"低技术"产业,而许多"高技术部门"却由于规模小而对经济增长的贡献也较小。实际上,这些低技术部门往往是"高创新性的",因为知识在行业间可以采用"实体"形式或"非实体"形式进行流动,流动的一个重要结果是"低技术"行业实际上可能是高级科学知识的密集使用者。因此增长主要不是以新部门的创造为基础,而是以现存部门的内部转换为基础。

It is often argued, in the Kuznets-Schumpter tradition, that economic growth depends on the creation of new industries, involving major new technologies. An empirical examination of the sectoral structure of growth and R＆D input in China suggests that growth and creation has a widely-distributed sectoral basis. Many of the significant sectors are in what are often referred to as ‘low - tech＇ industries, and the contribution of many ‘ high-tech＇ industries to overall growth is likely to be considerably small where the shares of output are much low. In fact, these‘ low-tech＇ sectors are flow between industries taking two forms, usually known as usually highly innovative. Because knowledge can ‘embodied＇ and‘dis-embodied＇ spillovers. And one important result of this flow is that industries which are apparently ‘ low-tech＇ can in fact be intensive users of high-grade scientific knowledges. Consequently, this paper suggests that growth is primarily based not on the creation of new sectors but on the internal transformation of sectors which already exist.