教育溢出、教育贫困与教育补偿--外部性视角下弱势家庭和弱势地区的教育补偿机制研究

Educational Overflow,Educational Poverty and Educational Compensation——Research on the Educational Compensation Mechanism of Disadvantaged Families and Areas in the Externality Perspective

从人力资本的外部性理论出发,考察教育私人投资的社会溢出和劳动力流动带来的教育公共投资的城乡与区域溢出效应,以及由此产生的教育投资决策的变化。结果表明,教育的溢出效应对弱势家庭和弱势地区政府教育投资激励产生抑制效果,一方面是教育的现有差距依然存在,另一方面作为主要投资来源的政府和家庭的激励程度的降低又进一步恶化了教育投入不平衡的程度,差距随着经济和教育投资的不同增长路径越来越大,弱势家庭与弱势地区的教育投入有陷入"低发展陷阱"的危险。需要建立针对弱势家庭的风险性补偿机制,以及针对弱势地区的区域性补偿机制,才能有效地促进教育和社会经济的均衡发展。

Starting from the externality theory of human capital, the essay has examined the social overflow of educational private investment and the city and countryside and region overflow effect of educational public investment brought by the flow of labor force, as well as the changes of educational investment decision making accordingly. The research shows that the effect of educational overflow brings inhibitory effects to the motivation of educational investment for the weak families and the governments of disadvantaged areas. On the one hand, the present gap of education still exists. on the other hand, the decrease of motivation degree of the governments and families as the main investment source deteriorates the unbalanced degree of educational investment, With the gap becomes bigger and bigger according to the different growth path of economic and education investment, educational investment of weak families and disadvantaged areas will encounter the danger of falling into ＂Stagnant Development Trap＂. It is a necessity to establish venture compensation mechanism aiming at weak families, and regional compensation mechanism aiming at disadvantaged areas; so as to promote the balanced development of education and social economy.