免耕与传统耕作的投入产出比较分析

A comparative analysis of input and output of no-tillage and traditional tillage

针对沙尘天气和土地荒漠化,北京及其周边地区开展了免耕治沙行动。在试验基地调研及农户访问等基础上,系统地对免耕与传统耕作的投入产出进行了比较分析,评价分析了北京全面实施免耕后的经济效益。结果表明:与传统耕作相比,北京市玉米实施免耕投入可减少1 016元/hm2,小麦实施免耕投入可减少921元/hm2;可以增加玉米产量846 kg/hm2,增加小麦产量209 kg/hm2;玉米免耕可提高效益2 030元/hm2,小麦免耕可提高效益1 215元/hm2;免耕实施的投入产出效益还具有一定的区域差异,在一年一熟的春玉米区的比较效益最好。该研究可为北京及其周边地区免耕实施的推广以及农业经济相关研究提供理论参考。

The activity of no-tillage-based sand control is carried out in Beijing and its surrounding areas against the problems of sand dust weather and desertification.Based on the investigation of the experimental field and visit to peasant households,the present paper systematically compares the input and output of no-tillage and traditional tillage,evaluates the benefit when no-tillage is fully operated in Beijing.The results show that,compared with traditional tillage,the input of corn under no-tillage decreases by 1 016 Yuan RMB per hectare,and the input of wheat under no-tillage decreases by 921 Yuan per hectare.Meanwhile,the crop yield of corn under no-tillage increases by 864 kg per hectare,and the crop yield of wheat under no-tillage increases by 209 kg per hectare.The implementation of no-tillage to corn increases benefit by 2 030 Yuan per hectare,and that to wheat increases benefit by 1 215 Yuan per hectare.The input,output and benefit of no-tillage implementation have certain regional difference,the best comparative benefit is showed in the region of spring corn growing with one crop in one year.This research can provide theoretical references for the extension of no-tillage implement and researches related to agricultural economy in Beijing and its surrounding areas.