基于GIS的宁夏气候要素推算及农业气候资源分析

Estimating of climatic factors and analyzing of agro-climatic resources by GIS in Ningxia

基于GIS技术研究了宁夏气候要素的小网格（250 m×250 m）推算方法,在此基础上分析了宁夏农业气候资源的状况。结果表明：宁夏太阳辐射资源丰富,太阳辐射年总量为4 955-6 155 MJ/m^2,是全国太阳辐射最丰富地区之一;年平均气温5.3-9.9℃,呈北高南低分布,积温的分布空间差异明显;年降水量159.7-594.0 mm,南多北少;年蒸发量1 108.8-1 991.7 mm,分布为中西部大,东南部小;年干燥度在0.4-4.7,中北部大部分地区干燥度在2.0以上。宁夏的干旱性气候特点十分明显。

Study was made on estimating method of climatic factors（250 m×250 m） of Ningxia by GIS,and based on this,agro-climatic resources of Ningxia was analyzed.The results show that： there are rich solar radiation resources,and the annual solar radiation is from 4 955 MJ/m^2 to 6 155 MJ/m^2 in Ningxia,which is one of the regions with richest solar radiation resources.The annual mean temperature is from 5.3℃ to 9.9℃,which is distributed as higher in north and lower in south.Spatial distribution of accumulated temperature is significantly different.Annual precipitation is from 159.7 mm to 594.0 mm,with more in south and less in north.Evaporation is from 1 108.8 mm to 1 991.7 mm,with more in west and center and less in southeast.Annual aridity is from 0.4 to 4.7,with more than 2.0 in north-central Ningxia.The arid climate character is very obvious.