重评圈地运动与英国城市化

Reappraise the Relations Between Enclosure Movement and Urbanization in Pre-industrial England

圈地运动使英国农村发生了生产力和生产关系的重要变革,它提高了劳动生产率,并将大量农村人口从土地上解放出来。不过,英国城市化进程并未随之显著加速。离开了土地的农民没有全部扎根城镇、转变为城市居民,其中许多人变成流民,回归农村,他们和留在乡村的居民一起作为农业工人受雇于资本家农场主,并广泛从事乡村工业,促成原工业化出现。在圈地期间,英国向现代社会转型主要体现在农村社会结构和经济结构的变化。

Enclosure movement was an important transformation of both productivity and productive relations, which improved the productivity of agricultural farmers, and released off flocks of population in countryside. However, those who were pushed out soil hadn＇t taken root in the town, especially in the cities, many of them became vagrant and went back countryside while they met difficulty with sustenance in the strange world. And these men who had lost their virgates were hired as farm labors, engaging in cottage-industry here and there, resulting into Pro-industrialization in pre-industrial England countryside. The varieties of social and economic structures are important characteristic of modern England through from traditional farming nation.