华北平原耕作区鸟类群落的集团结构及生态位

Study on Bloc Structure and Econiche Characteristics of Bird Communities in the Farming Areas in North China Plain

2004年5～8月，在河北廊坊地区进行鸟类群落多样性研究的基础上，采用系统聚类Ward方法，按照鸟类取食部位、取食方式、取食高度，分别将平原耕作区鸟类群落划分为6种、4种、3种集团类型。在栖息高度生态位宽度值上，喜鹊的最大（0．969），戴胜的最小（0．122）；在栖位生态位宽度值上，树麻雀的最大（0．730），黑枕黄鹂的最小（0．272）。在生态位重叠值上，喜鹊／黑枕黄鹂的最大（0．968），而喜鹊／戴胜的最小（0．101）。在与廊坊周边自然保护区的鸟类食性集团结构进行比较的基础上，提出了鸟类群落集团结构多样性的恢复途径。

On the basis of studying the bird community diversity in the Langfang region of Hebei Province from May to August 2004, in this paper the fetching food bloc structure of bird communities is researched using systematic Ward method. The bloc structure of bird communities in a framing area in the North China Plain is divided into six types according to the fetching food positions of birds to get food from ground, shrubs, trunks, crowns of trees, air, etc. It can be divided into four types according to the fetching food ways of birds to get food by picking, exploring and launching. Moreover, it can be divided into three types according to the tree height. At the inhabiting height, the value of econiche width of Pica pica is the highest （0. 969 ）, and that of Upupa epops is the lowest （0. 122）. At the inhabiting location, the value of econiche width of Passer montanus is the highest （0.730）, and that of Oriolus chinensis is the lowest （0. 272）. The econiche overlapping value of Pica pica/Oriolus chinensis is the highest （0. 968）, and that of Pica pica/Upupa epops is the lowest （0. 101 ）. After comparing the bloc structure of bird feeding-habit communities in the Langfang region with that in its vicinities, some measures are put forward for regenerating the diversity of bloc structure of bird communities.