中国北方沙区湖泊(水库)风沙灾害危险度评价与安全对策--以内蒙古沙区为例

Assessment on the Risk of Aeolian Sand Disasters around the Lakes and Reservoirs in Sandy Lands in North China and Some Security Measures——A Case Study in a Sandy Land in Inner Mongolia

保障沙区湖泊(水库)安全对构建生态安全的土地利用格局和可持续水系统具有积极意义。根据灾害系统理论,分析沙区湖泊风沙灾害系统结构与功能体系,构建区域评价指标体系及分级标准,归纳出局地致灾因子(植被)-湖泊位置距离模式,提出综合评价模型。对内蒙古沙区湖泊风沙灾害危险度进行评价,结果表明:安全湖泊占7.3%,轻度危险占22.5%,中度危险占24.7%,重度危险占25.4%,强度危险占9.1%,极度危险占11%,湖泊安全形势严峻。在此基础上提出防治湖泊风沙灾害的"工程治理圈-围封繁育圈-自然恢复圈"结构的"三圈"模式与安全对策。该研究可为我国北方沙区湖泊风沙灾害防治与生态友好型土地利用规划提供科学依据。

It has positive significance to ensure the security of lakes and reservoirs in sandy lands for constructing the land use patterns and the sustainable water system under ecological security. Based on disaster system theory, in this paper the integrated assessment on the risk of aeolian sand disasters around the lakes and reserviors in sandy lands is carried out, an asseseement map is charted by developing the regional hazard assessment index system and the classification standards and summarizing the mode of local disaster-formative factor （vegetation）--the distence between lakes and aeolian sand disasters, and an integrated assessment model is developed. On which the risk of aeolian sand disasters around the lakes and reservoirs in sandy lands in Inner Mongolia is assessed. The results show that 30 lakes and reserviors are safe and occupy 7.3% of the total; 92 are in slight risk of aeolian sand disaster and occupy 22, 5% ; 101 are in moderate risk and occupy 24.7% ; 104 are in heavy risk and occupy 25.4%; 37 are in serious risk and occupy 9.1% ; and 45 are in extremely serious risk and occupy 11%, respectively. The ＂three circle＂ mode, i.e. the engineering maintenance zone, enclosure zone and natural restoration zone, is put forward for preventing and controlling aeolian sand disasters around the lakes and reservoirs in the study area. The research results will be beneficial to combatting aeolian sand disasters around the lakes and reserviors in north China and programming the entironment-friendly land use patterns.