论海外公民权益的外交保护

On the Diplomatic Protection for the Interests of Overseas Chinese Citizens

外交保护是基于个人权利受到侵害而采取的国际求偿方式,属于国际责任法的范畴。外交保护可以弥补个人国际求偿能力的不足,协调个人国籍国与东道国的管辖权冲突。传统观点认为外交保护是国家的权利,国家没有针对本国公民进行保护的义务。对权利性质的争议关系到外交保护所维护的权利和救济后果的归属。外交保护与人权保护制度是平行适用的关系,两者在若干方面存在差异,外交保护可以对人权保护起到补充作用。

The diplomatic protection is an international claiming approach based on the infringement of individuals＇ rights. It belongs to the scope of international responsibility law. It can supple the individuals＇ competence for international claims and can harmonize the conflict between personal jurisdiction and territorial jurisdiction. Tradi- tional views regard the diplomatic protection as the rights of states, and states do not have obligations for protecting their overseas Chinese citizens. The disputes on the nature of rights are related to whose rights are protected and what remedy consequences are. Diplomatic protection system and human rights protection system are in the relation- ship of parallel application, and there are some differences between them. Diplomatic protection can supple the functions of human rights protection.