对“自由市场”神话的历史性反思——布罗代尔的视野

A Historical Reflection on the Myth of "Free Market":from Blaudel's Perspective

在布罗代尔的历史视野中,"资本主义"的根本特性是垄断性,它是与"市场经济"不可混淆的领域。它利用对市场的垄断同时又反对市场,因而使"自由市场"成为神话并常常幻灭。在历史上和现实中存在着种种垄断。其中,最根深蒂固的是:大商人对某种大销量商品的垄断、硬通货对软通货的垄断、经济世界中心区对半边缘区和边缘区的垄断。这些垄断总使"自由市场"无奈地失效。

In Blaudel＇s historical perspective, the essential characteristic of ＂capitalism＂ is monopolization. In fact, ＂capitalism＂ is distinct from ＂market economy＂ insofar as on the one hand it makes use of the monopolization of the market while on the other hand it is againt the market . In consequence it has resulted in a sense of disillusionment over the myth of the ＂free market＂. Monopolization exists both in history and in the existing society in a variety of forms, the most entrenched ones among which are the monopolization of certain mass goods, the monopolization of soft currency by hard currency, the monopolization of fringe or half-fringe regions by global economic centers. These monopolizations never fail in invalidating the＂free market＂.